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Original Article

Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Jeong Sook Park1, Soon Yang Jang2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(2):136-147.
Published online: April 30, 2016

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Corresponding author: Jang, Soon Yang Department of Nursing, Division of Nursing and Public Health, Daegu University, 33 Seongdang-ro 50-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42400, Korea. Tel: +82-53-650-8397, Fax: +82-53-650-8380, E-mail: jsny0212@daegu.ac.kr
• Received: January 26, 2016   • Accepted: March 28, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of obesity for military executive members of the Korean Army Personnel.
  • Methods
    The sample consisted of 1,026 executive members from the military. The data were drawn from a self-report survey with questions about demographics, obesity-related knowledge, attitude and behavior from June 9, 2015 to July 21, 2015. The Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2-test and logistic regression.
  • Results
    Of the total participants, sixty-five percent reported being non-obese and the remaining thirty-five percent would be classified as obese. The classification was defined by the BMI scores. Those participants with more than twenty years of service were 3.41 times more likely to be at risk for obesity compared to those participants with less than one year of service who had the lowest risk. Those participants with less than twenty more than ten years of service were 2.64times more likely to report obesity than those who had the lowest risk. Other factors related to the obesity was whether a person was in a front line unit (3.65 times higher), or rear unit (4.48 times higher) as compared to those in a special unit. For those who reported smoking more than a pack of cigarettes a day had 2.64 times the risk of obesity than those who smoked less than a half pack a day. Above average score in sensitivity of obesity related attitude showed 5.92 times higher risk than below average.
  • Conclusion
    This result suggested that over ten years of service, front line unit, rear unit, smoking more than one pack per day, and above average score in sensitivity of obesity related attitude influenced obesity. This study might provide base-line data for implementing tailored obesity management program to improve health status of the Korean army personnel.
  • Key Words: Army personnel; Obesity; Knowledge; Attitude; Behavior
Table 1.
Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)
Characteristics Categories Total Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) χ² p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) n (%)
General Age (year) 31.05±8.23 57.54 ＜.001
≤29 576 (56.1) 429 (64.2) 147 (41.1)
30~39 266 (25.9) 144 (21.6) 122 (34.1)
40~49 136 (13.3) 63 (9.4) 73 (20.4)
≥50 48 (4.7) 32 (4.8) 16 (4.5)
Gender Male 969 (94.4) 615 (92.1) 354 (98.9) 20.64 ＜.001
Female 57 (5.6) 53 (7.9) 4 (1.1)
Marital status Married 439 (42.8) 234 (35.0) 205 (57.3) 47.06 ＜.001
Single 587 (57.2) 434 (65.0) 153 (42.7)
Education High school graduate 203 (19.8) 125 (18.7) 78 (21.8) 3.65 .161
University graduate 684 (66.7) 459 (68.7) 225 (62.8)
Graduate school 139 (13.5) 84 (12.6) 55 (15.4)
Living with family Yes 425 (41.4) 244 (36.5) 181 (50.6) 18.91 ＜.001
No 601 (58.6) 424 (63.5) 177 (49.4)
Military-related Position Civilian military employee 30 (2.9) 23 (3.4) 7 (2.0) 15.23 .002
Non-commissioned officer 597 (58.2) 380 (56.9) 217 (60.6)
Company officer 297 (28.9) 212 (31.7) 85 (23.7)
Field officer 102 (9.9) 53 (7.9) 49 (13.7)
Unit type Standard division 593 (57.8) 367 (54.9) 226 (63.1) 39.98 ＜.000
Mobilization division 114 (11.1) 69 (10.3) 45 (12.6)
Headquarter 96 (9.4) 56 (8.4) 40 (11.2)
Education unit 109 (10.6) 72 (10.8) 37 (10.3)
Special force 114 (11.1) 104 (10.1) 10 (2.8)
Place of duty Forward service 465 (45.3) 290 (43.4) 175 (48.9) 25.30 ＜.001
Rear service 387 (37.7) 236 (35.3) 151 (42.2)
Special service 174 (17.0) 142 (21.3) 32 (8.9)
Period of service (year) 98.33±95.43 55.37 ＜.001
≤1 110 (10.7) 87 (13.0) 23 (6.4)
＞13 months~＜5 371 (36.2) 281 (42.1) 90 (25.1)
≥5~＜10 252 (24.6) 148 (22.2) 104 (29.1)
≥10~＜20 178 (17.3) 90 (13.5) 88 (24.6)
≥20 115 (11.2) 62 (9.3) 53 (14.8)
Table 2.
Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)
Characteristics Categories Total Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) x2 p
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Meals per day ≤2 times 399 (38.9) 240 (35.9) 159 (44.4) 9.11 .011
3 times 553 (53.9) 383 (57.3) 170 (47.5)
≥4 times 74 (7.2) 45 (6.7) 29 (8.1)
Dining together eating out ≤3 times/months 584 (56.9) 385 (57.6) 199 (55.6) 3.99 .552
≥4 times/months 442 (43.1) 283 (42.4) 159 (44.4)
Excercise per week ≤2 times 422 (41.1) 253 (37.9) 169 (47.2) 20.39 ＜.001
3~4 times 335 (32.7) 210 (31.4) 125 (34.9)
≥5 times 269 (26.2) 205 (30.7) 64 (17.9)
Watching TV over 3 hours per day Yes 114 (11.1) 65 (9.7) 49 (13.7) 14.69 .001
So so 311 (30.3) 183 (27.4) 128 (35.8)
No 601 (58.6) 420 (62.9) 181 (50.6)
Sleeping hours per night ＜7 720 (70.2) 466 (69.8) 254 (70.9) 0.16 .691
≥7 300 (29.2) 202 (30.2) 104 (29.1)
Smoking No smoking 433 (42.2) 307 (46.0) 126 (35.2) 13.99 .001
Stop smoking 113 (11.0) 61 (9.1) 52 (14.5)
Smoking now 480 (46.8) 300 (44.9) 180 (50.3)
Smoking amount per day (n=480) ＜1/2 pack 124 (25.8) 81 (27.0) 43 (23.9) 16.49 ＜.001
≥1/2＜1 pack 276 (57.5) 185 (61.7) 91 (50.5)
≥1 pack 80 (16.7) 34 (11.3) 46 (25.6)
Drinking alcohol Nondrinking 306 (29.8) 208 (31.1) 98 (27.4) 1.93 .382
2~3 times/months 376 (36.6) 244 (36.5) 132 (36.9)
≥1~2 times/weeks 344 (33.5) 216 (32.3) 128 (35.8)
Stress Little 89 (8.7) 56 (8.4) 33 (9.2) 13.64 .001
A little 495 (48.2) 350 (52.4) 145 (40.5)
Above normal 442 (43.1) 262 (39.2) 180 (50.3)
Table 3.
Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)
Characteristics Total score Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) t p
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Obesity knowledge 22.29±3.80 22.38±3.72 22.13±3.93 0.99 .322
Attitude related to obesity 71.15±7.74 70.93±7.85 71.57±7.52 -1.25 .213
Sensitivity of obesity 7.48±2.96 6.62±2.82 9.08±2.54 -13.80 ＜.001
Seriousness of obesity 9.90±2.90 9.87±3.06 9.95±2.57 -0.42 .672
Benefit of diet and eating habits 11.96±2.62 11.90±2.71 12.06±2.45 -0.91 .363
Barrier of diet and eating habits 12.94±3.11 13.21±3.21 12.44±2.86 3.82 ＜.001
Benefit of exercise and activity 13.38±2.14 13.43±2.14 13.27±2.12 1.21 .228
Barrier of exercise and activity 15.50±3.26 15.89±3.26 14.76±3.15 5.33 ＜.001
Obesity control behavior 66.86±9.85 67.54±10.12 65.59±9.18 3.05 .002
Table 4.
Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)
Predictors Categories B SE Wald OR (95%Cl) p
Period of service (year) ≤1       1.00 (reference)  
≥13 months~＜5 0.40 0.46 0.76 0.67 (0.27~1.64) .384
≥5~＜10 0.52 0.47 1.27 1.69 (0.68~4.21) .259
≥10~＜20 0.97 0.48 4.04 2.64 (1.02~6.83) .044
≥20 1.23 0.54 5.17 3.41 (1.18~9.80) .023
Place of duty Forward service 1.30 0.41 10.11 3.65 (1.64~8.11) .001
Rear service 1.50 0.42 12.80 4.48 (1.97~10.20) ＜.001
Special service       1.00 (reference)  
Smoking amount per day (pack) ＜1/2       1.00 (reference) .650
≥1/2~＜1 0.12 0.27 0.21 0.89 (0.53~1.49) .006
≥1 0.97 0.36 7.42 2.64 (1.31~5.32)  
Stress Little 0.70 0.42 2.74 2.02 (0.88~4.65) .098
A little 0.42 0.24 3.09 0.66 (0.41~1.05) .079
Above normal       1.00 (reference)  
Sensitivity of obesity Above average 1.78 0.24 56.85 5.92 (3.73~9.41) ＜.001
Below average       1.00 (reference)  
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    • An analysis of health behavior among professional military personnel using propensity score matching
      Hee Jin Moon, Da Seul Kim, Kwang Kee Kim
      Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(1): 1.     CrossRef

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    Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(2):136-147.   Published online April 30, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.2.136
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    Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(2):136-147.   Published online April 30, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.2.136
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    Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel
    Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

    Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Characteristics Categories Total Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) χ² p
    n (%) or M±SD n (%) n (%)
    General Age (year) 31.05±8.23 57.54 ＜.001
    ≤29 576 (56.1) 429 (64.2) 147 (41.1)
    30~39 266 (25.9) 144 (21.6) 122 (34.1)
    40~49 136 (13.3) 63 (9.4) 73 (20.4)
    ≥50 48 (4.7) 32 (4.8) 16 (4.5)
    Gender Male 969 (94.4) 615 (92.1) 354 (98.9) 20.64 ＜.001
    Female 57 (5.6) 53 (7.9) 4 (1.1)
    Marital status Married 439 (42.8) 234 (35.0) 205 (57.3) 47.06 ＜.001
    Single 587 (57.2) 434 (65.0) 153 (42.7)
    Education High school graduate 203 (19.8) 125 (18.7) 78 (21.8) 3.65 .161
    University graduate 684 (66.7) 459 (68.7) 225 (62.8)
    Graduate school 139 (13.5) 84 (12.6) 55 (15.4)
    Living with family Yes 425 (41.4) 244 (36.5) 181 (50.6) 18.91 ＜.001
    No 601 (58.6) 424 (63.5) 177 (49.4)
    Military-related Position Civilian military employee 30 (2.9) 23 (3.4) 7 (2.0) 15.23 .002
    Non-commissioned officer 597 (58.2) 380 (56.9) 217 (60.6)
    Company officer 297 (28.9) 212 (31.7) 85 (23.7)
    Field officer 102 (9.9) 53 (7.9) 49 (13.7)
    Unit type Standard division 593 (57.8) 367 (54.9) 226 (63.1) 39.98 ＜.000
    Mobilization division 114 (11.1) 69 (10.3) 45 (12.6)
    Headquarter 96 (9.4) 56 (8.4) 40 (11.2)
    Education unit 109 (10.6) 72 (10.8) 37 (10.3)
    Special force 114 (11.1) 104 (10.1) 10 (2.8)
    Place of duty Forward service 465 (45.3) 290 (43.4) 175 (48.9) 25.30 ＜.001
    Rear service 387 (37.7) 236 (35.3) 151 (42.2)
    Special service 174 (17.0) 142 (21.3) 32 (8.9)
    Period of service (year) 98.33±95.43 55.37 ＜.001
    ≤1 110 (10.7) 87 (13.0) 23 (6.4)
    ＞13 months~＜5 371 (36.2) 281 (42.1) 90 (25.1)
    ≥5~＜10 252 (24.6) 148 (22.2) 104 (29.1)
    ≥10~＜20 178 (17.3) 90 (13.5) 88 (24.6)
    ≥20 115 (11.2) 62 (9.3) 53 (14.8)

    Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Characteristics Categories Total Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) x2 p
    n (%) n (%) n (%)
    Meals per day ≤2 times 399 (38.9) 240 (35.9) 159 (44.4) 9.11 .011
    3 times 553 (53.9) 383 (57.3) 170 (47.5)
    ≥4 times 74 (7.2) 45 (6.7) 29 (8.1)
    Dining together eating out ≤3 times/months 584 (56.9) 385 (57.6) 199 (55.6) 3.99 .552
    ≥4 times/months 442 (43.1) 283 (42.4) 159 (44.4)
    Excercise per week ≤2 times 422 (41.1) 253 (37.9) 169 (47.2) 20.39 ＜.001
    3~4 times 335 (32.7) 210 (31.4) 125 (34.9)
    ≥5 times 269 (26.2) 205 (30.7) 64 (17.9)
    Watching TV over 3 hours per day Yes 114 (11.1) 65 (9.7) 49 (13.7) 14.69 .001
    So so 311 (30.3) 183 (27.4) 128 (35.8)
    No 601 (58.6) 420 (62.9) 181 (50.6)
    Sleeping hours per night ＜7 720 (70.2) 466 (69.8) 254 (70.9) 0.16 .691
    ≥7 300 (29.2) 202 (30.2) 104 (29.1)
    Smoking No smoking 433 (42.2) 307 (46.0) 126 (35.2) 13.99 .001
    Stop smoking 113 (11.0) 61 (9.1) 52 (14.5)
    Smoking now 480 (46.8) 300 (44.9) 180 (50.3)
    Smoking amount per day (n=480) ＜1/2 pack 124 (25.8) 81 (27.0) 43 (23.9) 16.49 ＜.001
    ≥1/2＜1 pack 276 (57.5) 185 (61.7) 91 (50.5)
    ≥1 pack 80 (16.7) 34 (11.3) 46 (25.6)
    Drinking alcohol Nondrinking 306 (29.8) 208 (31.1) 98 (27.4) 1.93 .382
    2~3 times/months 376 (36.6) 244 (36.5) 132 (36.9)
    ≥1~2 times/weeks 344 (33.5) 216 (32.3) 128 (35.8)
    Stress Little 89 (8.7) 56 (8.4) 33 (9.2) 13.64 .001
    A little 495 (48.2) 350 (52.4) 145 (40.5)
    Above normal 442 (43.1) 262 (39.2) 180 (50.3)

    Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Characteristics Total score Non-obese (n=668) Obese (n=358) t p
    M±SD M±SD M±SD
    Obesity knowledge 22.29±3.80 22.38±3.72 22.13±3.93 0.99 .322
    Attitude related to obesity 71.15±7.74 70.93±7.85 71.57±7.52 -1.25 .213
    Sensitivity of obesity 7.48±2.96 6.62±2.82 9.08±2.54 -13.80 ＜.001
    Seriousness of obesity 9.90±2.90 9.87±3.06 9.95±2.57 -0.42 .672
    Benefit of diet and eating habits 11.96±2.62 11.90±2.71 12.06±2.45 -0.91 .363
    Barrier of diet and eating habits 12.94±3.11 13.21±3.21 12.44±2.86 3.82 ＜.001
    Benefit of exercise and activity 13.38±2.14 13.43±2.14 13.27±2.12 1.21 .228
    Barrier of exercise and activity 15.50±3.26 15.89±3.26 14.76±3.15 5.33 ＜.001
    Obesity control behavior 66.86±9.85 67.54±10.12 65.59±9.18 3.05 .002

    Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Predictors Categories B SE Wald OR (95%Cl) p
    Period of service (year) ≤1       1.00 (reference)  
    ≥13 months~＜5 0.40 0.46 0.76 0.67 (0.27~1.64) .384
    ≥5~＜10 0.52 0.47 1.27 1.69 (0.68~4.21) .259
    ≥10~＜20 0.97 0.48 4.04 2.64 (1.02~6.83) .044
    ≥20 1.23 0.54 5.17 3.41 (1.18~9.80) .023
    Place of duty Forward service 1.30 0.41 10.11 3.65 (1.64~8.11) .001
    Rear service 1.50 0.42 12.80 4.48 (1.97~10.20) ＜.001
    Special service       1.00 (reference)  
    Smoking amount per day (pack) ＜1/2       1.00 (reference) .650
    ≥1/2~＜1 0.12 0.27 0.21 0.89 (0.53~1.49) .006
    ≥1 0.97 0.36 7.42 2.64 (1.31~5.32)  
    Stress Little 0.70 0.42 2.74 2.02 (0.88~4.65) .098
    A little 0.42 0.24 3.09 0.66 (0.41~1.05) .079
    Above normal       1.00 (reference)  
    Sensitivity of obesity Above average 1.78 0.24 56.85 5.92 (3.73~9.41) ＜.001
    Below average       1.00 (reference)  
    Table 1. Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Table 2. Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Table 3. Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Table 4. Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

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