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Original Article

Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Jiyeon Hong1, Jihyun Kim2, Oksoo Kim3
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(2):139-148.
Published online: April 30, 2014

1Department of Nursing, Howon University, Gunsan

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Corresponding author: Kim, Oksoo Division of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3277-3703, Fax: +82-2-3277-2850, E-mail: ohong@ewha.ac.kr
• Received: July 30, 2013   • Accepted: April 4, 2014

© 2014 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    This study was aimed to investigate the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers above 19 years old according to the life cycle.
  • Methods
    The study subjects consisted of a representative community sample of 2,229 male drinkers aged 19 and older from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott x2-test, simple and multiple logistic regressions.
  • Results
    The problem drinking rates were 38.7% in adolescence, 44.5% in middle age, and 23.9% in senescence. In adolescence, the predictors of problem drinking included occupation, stress recognition, and smoking. In middle age, the predictors of problem drinking were education level, depression, and smoking. In senescence, the predictors of problem drinking were not identified in this study.
  • Conclusion
    The findings of this study suggested that the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers were different according to life cycle. Thus different intervention methods should be developed for each age group in order to intervene the problem drinking.
  • Key Words: Male; Alcohol drinking; Life cycle stages
Table 1.
Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)
Characteristics Categories n (%)
Drinking patterns Normal drinking 1,375 (61.7)
Problem drinking 854 (38.3)
Life cycle (age) Adolescence (19~39) 696 (31.2)
Middle age (40~64) 1,060 (47.6)
Senescence (≥65) 473 (21.2)
Education level (n=2,221) ≤Middle school 600 (27.0)
High school 820 (36.9)
≥College 801 (36.1)
Having a spouse (n=2,227) Yes 1,761 (79.1)
No 466 (20.9)
Occupation (n=2,218) Administrator, specialist 382 (17.2)
Office worker 232 (10.5)
Service, sales business 253 (11.4)
Agriculture, fishery 228 (10.3)
Technician, mechanic 432 (19.5)
Manual labor 175 (7.9)
Unemployed (student etc.) 516 (23.3)
Perceived health status (n=2,221) Very good 124 (5.6)
Good 709 (31.8)
Fair 1,067 (47.9)
Poor 268 (12.0)
Very poor 53 (2.4)
Stress recognition (n=2,228) High 547 (24.6)
Low 1,681 (75.4)
Depression (n=2,228) Have experienced more than 2 weeks 216 (9.7)
Have experienced less than 2 weeks 2,012 (90.3)
Smoking status (n=2,226) Smoker (often) 912 (40.9)
Smoker (sometimes) 64 (2.9)
Ex-smoker 897 (40.2)
Non-smoker 353 (15.8)
Table 2.
Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)
Variables Categories Adolescence Middle age Senescence
Normal (n=427) Problem (n=269) x2 (p) Normal (n=588) Problem (n=472) x2 (p) Normal (n=360) Problem (n=113) x2 (p)
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Education level ≤Middle school 6 (1.8) 8 (4.5) 2.48 161 (26.0) 148 (32.2) 5.45 218 (66.7) 59 (57.6) 1.30
High school 205 (54.1) 109 (46.5) (.087) 199 (37.0) 178 (41.2) (.005) 87 (19.6) 42 (31.7) (.270)
≥College 215 (44.1) 150 (48.9)   225 (36.9) 144 (26.6)   55 (13.7) 12 (10.7)  
Having a spouse Yes 20 (38.0) 156 (49.6) 7.83 549 (90.6) 425 (86.6) 1.80 327 (89.7) 104 (93.1) 0.86
No 227 (62.0) 113 (50.4) (.006) 39 (9.4) 45 (13.4) (.181) 33 (10.3) 9 (6.9) (.356)
Occupation Administrator, specialist 95 (20.0) 64 (20.4) 5.50 126 (19.6) 80 (16.3) 1.04 14 (3.0) 3 (3.9) 0.15
Office worker, service, sales business 117 (24.4) 104 (39.7) (＜.001) 124 (22.9) 120 (24.8) (.386) 14 (3.5) 6 (3.9) (.945)
Agriculture, fishery 5 (1.1) 1 (0.3)   66 (11.0) 59 (12.8)   69 (18.8) 28 (19.7)  
Technician, mechanic, manual labor 105 (26.4) 58 (24.2)   193 (34.1) 160 (36.8)   70 (20.5) 21 (23.0)  
Unemployed (student etc.) 103 (28.1) 39 (15.4)   75 (12.5) 51 (9.3)   193 (54.2) 55 (49.4)  
Perceived health status Very good 34 (9.3) 12 (4.0) 4.85 30 (5.6) 19 (2.7) 2.22 23 (9.2) 6 (6.7) 0.31
Good 171 (40.9) 79 (26.9) (.001) 198 (32.2) 137 (29.3) (.073) 94 (24.1) 30 (25.9) (.864)
Fair 187 (41.4) 149 (57.2)   277 (50.1) 248 (53.4)   155 (42.8) 51 (47.0)  
Poor 34 (8.4) 26 (11.2)   68 (10.3) 61 (13.7)   59 (16.0) 20 (14.5)  
Very poor 0 (0.0) 1 (0.7)   12 (1.8) 5 (0.9)   29 (8.0) 6 (5.8)  
Stress recognition High 115 (25.7) 106 (41.7) 13.38 134 (21.9) 126 (26.3) 1.86 47 (12.9) 19 (15.3) 0.43
Low 312 (74.3) 163 (58.3) (＜.001) 454 (78.1) 346 (73.7) (.174) 312 (87.1) 94 (84.7) (.513)
Depression Have experienced more than 2 weeks 30 (7.6) 33 (14.7) 5.94 46 (8.1) 59 (12.7) 4.31 35 (10.1) 13 (9.7) 0.02
Have experienced less than 2 weeks 397 (92.4) 236 (85.3) (.016) 542 (91.9) 413 (87.3) (.039) 324 (89.9) 100 (90.3) (.902)
Smoking status Smoker (often) 178 (44.3) 170 (67.8) 14.44 202 (38.3) 237 (53.5) 4.94 89 (26.1) 36 (33.4) 0.68
Smoker (sometimes) 20 (3.9) 10 (3.8) (＜.001) 16 (2.3) 11 (2.1) (.002) 6 (1.7) 1 (0.7) (.555)
Ex-smoker 86 (17.8) 55 (18.4)   291 (46.1) 179 (35.2)   224 (60.2) 62 (55.2)  
Non-smoker 143 (34.0) 32 (10.0)   79 (13.2) 45 (9.1)   40 (12.0) 14 (10.7)  
Table 3.
Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)
Variables Categories Problem drinking
Adolescence (n=696) Middle Age (n=1060) Senescence (n=473)
OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p
Education level ≤Middle school 1.67 (0.48~5.79) .514 1.74 (1.12~2.71) .028 1.17 (0.33~4.23) .101
High school 0.89 (0.57~1.38) 1.53 (1.06~2.19) 2.19 (0.55~8.63)
≥College 1.00 1.00 1.00
Having a spouse Yes 1.19 (0.79~1.79) .404 0.78 (0.42~1.45) .429 1.22 (0.47~3.20) .684
No 1.00 1.00 1.00
Occupation Administrator, specialist 1.17 (0.56~2.44) .040 1.60 (0.88~2.89) .336 1.91 (0.60~6.08) .872
Office worker, service, sales business 2.06 (1.10~3.86) 1.86 (1.05~3.28) 1.14 (0.33~3.93)
Agriculture, fishery 0.45 (0.05~4.83) 1.63 (0.83~3.17) 1.13 (0.60~2.14)
Technician, mechanic, manual labor 1.07 (0.57~2.01) 1.53 (0.87~2.66) 1.19 (0.59~2.42)
Unemployed (student etc.) 1.00 1.00 1.00
Perceived health status Very poor 1.55 (0.74~3.24) .212 0.59 (0.14~2.44) .206 0.92 (0.21~4.09) .936
Poor 1.50 (0.94~2.40) 2.18 (0.92~5.17) 1.16 (0.34~3.95)
Fair 1.00 1.80 (0.86~3.80) 1.33 (0.44~3.99)
Good   1.74 (0.75~4.03) 1.44 (0.43~4.77)
Very good   1.00 1.00
Stress recognition High 1.56 (1.03~2.36) .037 1.03 (0.71~1.50) .858 1.28 (0.66~2.47) .457
Low 1.00 1.00 1.00
Depression Have experienced more than 2 weeks 1.95 (0.98~3.87) .056 1.78 (1.04~3.07) .036 0.91 (0.40~2.05) .818
Have experienced less than 2 weeks 1.00 1.00 1.00
Smoking status Smoker (often) 4.04 (2.32~7.06) ＜.001 1.75 (1.08~2.85) .014 1.57 (0.66~3.77) .570
Smoker (sometimes) 2.90 (1.08~7.80) 1.27 (0.37~4.29) 0.57 (0.04~7.54)
Ex-smoker 3.12 (1.63~6.00) 1.05 (0.61~1.80) 1.14 (0.50~2.62)
Non-smoker 1.00 1.00 1.00
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    Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):139-148.   Published online April 30, 2014
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139
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    Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):139-148.   Published online April 30, 2014
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139
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    Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle
    Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

    Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

    Characteristics Categories n (%)
    Drinking patterns Normal drinking 1,375 (61.7)
    Problem drinking 854 (38.3)
    Life cycle (age) Adolescence (19~39) 696 (31.2)
    Middle age (40~64) 1,060 (47.6)
    Senescence (≥65) 473 (21.2)
    Education level (n=2,221) ≤Middle school 600 (27.0)
    High school 820 (36.9)
    ≥College 801 (36.1)
    Having a spouse (n=2,227) Yes 1,761 (79.1)
    No 466 (20.9)
    Occupation (n=2,218) Administrator, specialist 382 (17.2)
    Office worker 232 (10.5)
    Service, sales business 253 (11.4)
    Agriculture, fishery 228 (10.3)
    Technician, mechanic 432 (19.5)
    Manual labor 175 (7.9)
    Unemployed (student etc.) 516 (23.3)
    Perceived health status (n=2,221) Very good 124 (5.6)
    Good 709 (31.8)
    Fair 1,067 (47.9)
    Poor 268 (12.0)
    Very poor 53 (2.4)
    Stress recognition (n=2,228) High 547 (24.6)
    Low 1,681 (75.4)
    Depression (n=2,228) Have experienced more than 2 weeks 216 (9.7)
    Have experienced less than 2 weeks 2,012 (90.3)
    Smoking status (n=2,226) Smoker (often) 912 (40.9)
    Smoker (sometimes) 64 (2.9)
    Ex-smoker 897 (40.2)
    Non-smoker 353 (15.8)

    Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

    Variables Categories Adolescence Middle age Senescence
    Normal (n=427) Problem (n=269) x2 (p) Normal (n=588) Problem (n=472) x2 (p) Normal (n=360) Problem (n=113) x2 (p)
    n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
    Education level ≤Middle school 6 (1.8) 8 (4.5) 2.48 161 (26.0) 148 (32.2) 5.45 218 (66.7) 59 (57.6) 1.30
    High school 205 (54.1) 109 (46.5) (.087) 199 (37.0) 178 (41.2) (.005) 87 (19.6) 42 (31.7) (.270)
    ≥College 215 (44.1) 150 (48.9)   225 (36.9) 144 (26.6)   55 (13.7) 12 (10.7)  
    Having a spouse Yes 20 (38.0) 156 (49.6) 7.83 549 (90.6) 425 (86.6) 1.80 327 (89.7) 104 (93.1) 0.86
    No 227 (62.0) 113 (50.4) (.006) 39 (9.4) 45 (13.4) (.181) 33 (10.3) 9 (6.9) (.356)
    Occupation Administrator, specialist 95 (20.0) 64 (20.4) 5.50 126 (19.6) 80 (16.3) 1.04 14 (3.0) 3 (3.9) 0.15
    Office worker, service, sales business 117 (24.4) 104 (39.7) (＜.001) 124 (22.9) 120 (24.8) (.386) 14 (3.5) 6 (3.9) (.945)
    Agriculture, fishery 5 (1.1) 1 (0.3)   66 (11.0) 59 (12.8)   69 (18.8) 28 (19.7)  
    Technician, mechanic, manual labor 105 (26.4) 58 (24.2)   193 (34.1) 160 (36.8)   70 (20.5) 21 (23.0)  
    Unemployed (student etc.) 103 (28.1) 39 (15.4)   75 (12.5) 51 (9.3)   193 (54.2) 55 (49.4)  
    Perceived health status Very good 34 (9.3) 12 (4.0) 4.85 30 (5.6) 19 (2.7) 2.22 23 (9.2) 6 (6.7) 0.31
    Good 171 (40.9) 79 (26.9) (.001) 198 (32.2) 137 (29.3) (.073) 94 (24.1) 30 (25.9) (.864)
    Fair 187 (41.4) 149 (57.2)   277 (50.1) 248 (53.4)   155 (42.8) 51 (47.0)  
    Poor 34 (8.4) 26 (11.2)   68 (10.3) 61 (13.7)   59 (16.0) 20 (14.5)  
    Very poor 0 (0.0) 1 (0.7)   12 (1.8) 5 (0.9)   29 (8.0) 6 (5.8)  
    Stress recognition High 115 (25.7) 106 (41.7) 13.38 134 (21.9) 126 (26.3) 1.86 47 (12.9) 19 (15.3) 0.43
    Low 312 (74.3) 163 (58.3) (＜.001) 454 (78.1) 346 (73.7) (.174) 312 (87.1) 94 (84.7) (.513)
    Depression Have experienced more than 2 weeks 30 (7.6) 33 (14.7) 5.94 46 (8.1) 59 (12.7) 4.31 35 (10.1) 13 (9.7) 0.02
    Have experienced less than 2 weeks 397 (92.4) 236 (85.3) (.016) 542 (91.9) 413 (87.3) (.039) 324 (89.9) 100 (90.3) (.902)
    Smoking status Smoker (often) 178 (44.3) 170 (67.8) 14.44 202 (38.3) 237 (53.5) 4.94 89 (26.1) 36 (33.4) 0.68
    Smoker (sometimes) 20 (3.9) 10 (3.8) (＜.001) 16 (2.3) 11 (2.1) (.002) 6 (1.7) 1 (0.7) (.555)
    Ex-smoker 86 (17.8) 55 (18.4)   291 (46.1) 179 (35.2)   224 (60.2) 62 (55.2)  
    Non-smoker 143 (34.0) 32 (10.0)   79 (13.2) 45 (9.1)   40 (12.0) 14 (10.7)  

    Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)

    Variables Categories Problem drinking
    Adolescence (n=696) Middle Age (n=1060) Senescence (n=473)
    OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p
    Education level ≤Middle school 1.67 (0.48~5.79) .514 1.74 (1.12~2.71) .028 1.17 (0.33~4.23) .101
    High school 0.89 (0.57~1.38) 1.53 (1.06~2.19) 2.19 (0.55~8.63)
    ≥College 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Having a spouse Yes 1.19 (0.79~1.79) .404 0.78 (0.42~1.45) .429 1.22 (0.47~3.20) .684
    No 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Occupation Administrator, specialist 1.17 (0.56~2.44) .040 1.60 (0.88~2.89) .336 1.91 (0.60~6.08) .872
    Office worker, service, sales business 2.06 (1.10~3.86) 1.86 (1.05~3.28) 1.14 (0.33~3.93)
    Agriculture, fishery 0.45 (0.05~4.83) 1.63 (0.83~3.17) 1.13 (0.60~2.14)
    Technician, mechanic, manual labor 1.07 (0.57~2.01) 1.53 (0.87~2.66) 1.19 (0.59~2.42)
    Unemployed (student etc.) 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Perceived health status Very poor 1.55 (0.74~3.24) .212 0.59 (0.14~2.44) .206 0.92 (0.21~4.09) .936
    Poor 1.50 (0.94~2.40) 2.18 (0.92~5.17) 1.16 (0.34~3.95)
    Fair 1.00 1.80 (0.86~3.80) 1.33 (0.44~3.99)
    Good   1.74 (0.75~4.03) 1.44 (0.43~4.77)
    Very good   1.00 1.00
    Stress recognition High 1.56 (1.03~2.36) .037 1.03 (0.71~1.50) .858 1.28 (0.66~2.47) .457
    Low 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Depression Have experienced more than 2 weeks 1.95 (0.98~3.87) .056 1.78 (1.04~3.07) .036 0.91 (0.40~2.05) .818
    Have experienced less than 2 weeks 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Smoking status Smoker (often) 4.04 (2.32~7.06) ＜.001 1.75 (1.08~2.85) .014 1.57 (0.66~3.77) .570
    Smoker (sometimes) 2.90 (1.08~7.80) 1.27 (0.37~4.29) 0.57 (0.04~7.54)
    Ex-smoker 3.12 (1.63~6.00) 1.05 (0.61~1.80) 1.14 (0.50~2.62)
    Non-smoker 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Table 1. Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

    Table 2. Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

    Table 3. Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

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